Abnormal and "Innocent" Heart Murmurs
A heart murmur is an unusual heart sound. Many times a heart murmur isn’t dangerous and is called an “innocent” murmur. Abnormal heart murmurs may point to an underlying heart condition that should be studied further.
什么导致心脏杂音?
Abnormal heart murmurs in adults are usually related to defective heart valves. Abnormal heart murmurs in adults may be related to:
- 主动脉瓣问题(主动脉瓣返流, 主动脉瓣狭窄)
- 二尖瓣问题(chronic or acute mitral regurgitation, 二尖瓣狭窄)
- 肥厚性心肌病
- 肺返流 (backflow of blood into the right ventricle, caused by failure of the pulmonary valve to close completely)
- 肺动脉瓣狭窄
- Problems of the tricuspid valve (三尖瓣返流, 三尖瓣狭窄)
Significant murmurs in children are more likely to be caused by:
- Anomalous pulmonary venous return (an abnormal formation of the pulmonary veins)
- 房间隔缺损(ASD)
- 主动脉缩窄
- 动脉导管未闭(PDA)
- 室间隔缺损(VSD)
Heart murmurs related to valve problems should receive follow-up care.
Not every murmur is associated with valve disease. Murmurs can also be caused by conditions that may temporarily increase blood flow such as:
- 锻炼
- 怀孕
- 甲状腺机能亢进
- 贫血
- 儿童生长迅速
如果检测到杂音， 后续的测试 可能会被推荐. Although some heart murmurs indicate 心脏瓣膜问题, others are considered harmless. 这些都是“无辜的”低语.
什么是无辜的心杂音?
Innocent heart murmurs are harmless sounds made by the blood circulating normally through the heart's chambers and valves or through blood vessels near the heart. They can be common during infancy and childhood and often disappear by adulthood. They're sometimes known as "functional" or "physiologic" murmurs.
Some harmless murmurs require additional tests such as an 心电图 (心电图)或 超声心动图 (echo) to rule out the possibility of a problem. Read more about childhood heart murmurs.
诊断原因
Your health care professional will investigate the root cause of the heart murmur. Clues about the cause can be based on the loudness, location and quality of the murmur. 响度从1到6分. A grade of 1 is very faint, heard only with a special effort. A grade 6 is extremely loud and can be heard with a stethoscope even without touching the chest.
的位置, duration and loudness of the murmur can help your health care provider determine which heart valve is involved as well as the severity.
Other tests may be done to decide if the murmur needs further investigation including:
As with most conditions, heart murmurs and any underlying problems can vary in severity and risk.
Any time a murmur is suspected to be associated with a valve problem that may need 治疗或修复, it’s wise to look for a qualified health care professional with experience diagnosing and treating your condition. A specialist who regularly manages valve disease can assess your condition and offer treatment options.
